نشریه پیام بهارستان
سال هشتم شماره 26 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Nasayeh-ol Atfal and Ketab-e Ahmad are among the Qajar era literary works that bear rich educational concepts; the former is poetry and the latter is prose that are written with the aim of ethical, social education of children and youths. Nasayeh-ol Atfal is among folk legends and falls under the category of advice-allegorical literary works a great part of which is advice that inculcates religious, moral values in the audience. Ketab-e Ahmad is like a story or novel that has exploited various educational methods. This research surveys principles, methods, and the educational aims of the aforementioned literary works and the literary genres that the writers have utilized for attaining their educational goals.

The Majma-ol Bahrain manuscript, kept by number 2655 at the Islamic Consultative Assembly Library, is one of the religious, historic epics in Farsi language that was written in poetry in 913 century A.H. and was dedicated to Shah Esmael Safavi, founder of the Safavid Dynasty. This is an epic tale of Prophet Muhammed and Imam Ali’s life; there is no edited print version of it. Almost none of the histories of literature have referred to its title or the name of its writer; it is left totally unknown. This article attempts to indicate that Majma-ol Bahrain -- in terms of epic features, and ¿rm literary language -- is worth of religious, historical researchers’ attention.

Correspondences and letters are the two secretarial textbooks of the past eras that in addition to letter writing instructions contain ¿rst-hand information that have speci¿c status in contemporary historical studies. The collection of Savad-e Faramin Salatin and Rulers is one of the correspondences that was written by a writer from Nakhjavan in 1270 century A.H. It contains a copy of orders of some kings’ from Safavids to Qajar eras and trainings for writing administrative letters. The present survey attempts to analyze and review, from a historical point of view, a number of letters in the collection that belong to the early years of the ¿rst round of Iran-Russia wars addressing Kalb-Ali Khan Kangarloo, ruler of Nakhjavan.

This article reviews 16 documents of the Collection of Letters and Petitions to Nasser-al Din Shah. The collection contains 328 letters and petitions written by different people to him and his orders on the margins of the letters to Chancellor Mirza Ali-Asqar Khan Amin-al Sultan in 1301-1303 A.H. The letters and petitions were written by royal family members, ministers, and military, state of¿cials as well as ordinary people for different purposes such as request for ¿nancial assistance, gifts, appeal for settling property disputes or petition, and are archived by record number: 5666 at manuscripts and documents treasury of Malek Museum and National Library.

This article analyzes assassination of Shahrokh, the Tymorid ruler of Herat in February 1427. Ahmad Lor who belonged to Horou¿an, in terms of his profession, attempted to murder Shahrokh. Shahrokh reacted harshly to the event and executed most of those who were accused of conspiracy against him including most of the Horou¿an scholars. After a precise survey of the existing witnesses, it is indicated that although the assassination was a signi¿cant event, following the incident, Shahrokh tried his best to gain control and handle the general atmosphere of Iran and the Middle Asia.

The Baratashoyli family were among the lords of Georgia who entered civilian and military systems of the Safavids and offered valuable services to the Iranian nation of the time. Three brothers including Otar-khan, Vakhoshtikhan and Gorjassi Beik were among the members of the family who entered the Safavid dynasty. The Georgian brothers were among the noble servants at Safavid rulership who were appointed for high-ranking rulership positions. Despite their shining at domestic, national history of Iran, unfortunately, they are unknown and few researchers have conducted surveys on their lives. This piece of writing deals with a part of their lives.

Siaq was a writing style for ¿nancial calculations at administrative system of the past historical periods; it has its own technical terms and signs and its own speci¿c meanings and de¿nitions. The manuscript number 11494 /89620 that is being kept at the Islamic Consultative Assembly Library is an explanation of Siaq terms; it is written by an unknown writer in 1198 century A.H. The writer deals with a brief explanation of the terms commonly used by the writers who utilized the style, and explains most of the administrative Siaq writing lexicon. One of the features of the manuscript is its date, it was written in the late Zandiyeh and early Qajar rulership; to some extent it expresses the administrative terms of the late Zandiyeh era. This article deals with editing and reviewing the mentioned manuscript.

During Mozafar-al Din Shah’s rulership, in addition to tensions and conÀicts inÀicted by the Russian and British powers, Iran was in a socio-economic chaotic situation. Sir Arthur Harding was the UK ambassador in Tehran from 1901 to 1905 (1280-1284 solar calendar). He has written all his observances of that sensitive juncture of Iran in a book entitled Political Reminiscences. This piece of writing circles around reviewing Sir Arthur Harding’s comment on developments of Iranian society and court at Mozaffari era. It deals with the issue via a descriptive, analytical method and based on the library sources.

The administrative money orders are among the most important ¿nancial documents remaining from the pre-Qajar and Qajar eras and can be important sources for writing history of Iran’s economy at that period. In different historic periods, most of cash and in-kind payments of the government were done via this ¿nancial document; accordingly, many of them can be found in public and private archives. The administrative money orders have relatively the same structural appearance whereby they can be easily recognized. In this article, we attempt to meanwhile surveying the structure of the money orders and the quasi-money orders -- receipts and debts-- explain their similarities and differences and review some samples of the documents.

Mosalla, the historic graveyard located in Fal village, is a heritage remaining from the eighth century A.D; the gravestones are mostly cubeshaped in different sizes with ¿ne designs and engraves inscribing the Quranic verses, prayers, Persian poetry, the names and titles of the deceased persons, the year of their death and the name of the stonemason. As there is not much historic information in the sources about Fal and its surrounding areas in the eighth century, such location bears double signi¿cance. This article deals with reviewing and surveying the gravestones of this location.

Aqa Muhammad-Khan founded Qajar rulership in Iran in 1786 and commenced a period of a relative stability that resulted in tranquility in domestic policy and interaction between religious, administrative and trade of¿cials. International relations with the European of¿cials turned out to be balanced the signi¿cant result of which was increased relations with the Europeans such as diplomats, military forces, technical, educational experts, businessmen, archaeologists and Western travelers. One of the salient features of the Iranian social culture is their hospitability, as catering and entertaining programs have a vital role either in formal diplomacy or private parties.

This research primarily mentions the descent of Amir Seraj-al Din Abdol Vahab Tabrizi and his father’s biography, then it deals with Ouzoun Hassan’s order to his father and biography of Amir Abdol Vahab; meanwhile pointing out Sultan Salim-Khan and Shah Esmael’s letters, it surveys his will, date of his death and how he died. Finally, it explains his descendants -- who were Abdol Vahabiyeh Sayyeds.

Salar-al Doleh is one of the Qajar princes who created lots of incidents in the Constitutional history. His life is brimful of various ascents and descents. For his ambition of rulership, he spared no harsh deeds though ¿nally got nothing but failure. This article deals with reviewing an unread document of his dispatched telegrams to the National Assembly that to some extent elaborates his action and contributes to further familiarity with the Constitution history.

The word “newspaper” has been applied all along the history and mostly means telling life stories and notifying signi¿cant events and actions taken by kings, ministers, rulers, and tradesmen. During Qajar era this word referred to daily, weekly, or monthly reports depending on what were necessitated by the court, governors of states and provinces, or agents dispatched from the headquarter. This article introduces a newspaper in the city of Anzali at the time of Nasser-al Din Shah.

The Sassanid army was a powerful military machine which Romans knew it to be the same as that of theirs. Most of Sassanid army’s successes were beholden to the complex, effective system of logistics for supporting the army that was ordered to ¿ght against Iran’s enemies simultaneously at various fronts. This article deals with the organization, and military support of the Sassanid Army in wars namely war transportation system, management of long roads, providing food, medical personnel, armament storage, dissemination of information system, breeding the beasts and their statistics.

Edmond O Donovan ,war news correspondent at Daily News Newspaper, United Kingdom, he was born in Ireland. In 1879, he had a long trip to the Middle Asia as the reporter of the newspaper. After entering Iran, on his way to Marv [ a city on silk road located in Turkmenistan] he passed through Rasht, Tehran, Shahroud, Sabzevar, Qouchan, Mashhad, and Dargaz. Referring to translation of some parts of Edmond’s itinerary published in Peyk-e Iran in 1337-38 [ 1958-59], this article deals with those parts of his itinerary that are merely about the pilgrims, and routes of Khorasan, Mashhad, and Imam Reza Shrine.

Nowadays, documentary surveys bear speci¿c status in historic studies. Siaqi [ the writing style used for ¿nancial purposes] booklets are among the documents that should be taken for consideration at historic studies. The socio-economic history of Qajar era without studying these ¿nancial booklets written in Siaq are incomplete and vague. The present research surveys the booklet of collecting grains in Esfahan written in 1303 that is a good source of familiarity with Esfahan’s economy and social history during Zel-ol Sultan rulership.

This piece of writing is the edited version of an epistle in mysticism written by Majzoub-Ali Shah Hamedani from 1175 to 1238 A.H. It contains two parts, the ¿rst part is mainly the author’s diary, codicology, and the quality of editing the mentioned manuscript, the second part is allocated to editing the content of the epistle in which some important topics of practical mysticism like methods and routes for mystical journey, types of prayers and their impacts, and etc. have been explained. The editor attempted to gain access to main objective of the writer and to dedicate it to the audience; however, given that only a single version is available in the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the task was tough.

Bushehr was one of the cities that could hold a high volume of trades at Qajar era. In that era most of the goods like raw cotton, fruits, woolen carpets, grains, and raw animals’ skin were exported from Bushehr port to other countries; also from there, tobacco was exported to Egypt, Istanbul, Russia, and Beirut, and opium mostly to China and United Kingdom. On the whole, Iran’s import via Bushehr exceeded its export. The epistle that was written by Haj Mohammad-Baqer Kazerouni -- ruler of Bushehr-- is about company.

Jafar Qoli-Khan’s itinerary of his trip to Boroujerd, manuscript number 624 now being kept at National Library is explanation of Jafar Qoli-Khan Moeen al-Sultan Etemadi’s journey from Tehran to Boroujerd to transfer a sword gifted by Naser-al Din Shah to prince Zel-al Sultan, ruler of Lorestan, Khuzestan and Iraq. In the itinerary, he has written about his journey from Tehran to Boroujerd and his mission then has dedicated it to the King. In this article, the edited text follows the explanation of the aforementioned manuscript’s features and a brief explanation about the writer.

The unique manuscript number 3873 being kept at the Central Library and Documentation Center of Tehran University is among the sources that focus on events taking place in the south of Iran but have not been surveyed yet. The manuscript that has been written by a high-ranking of¿cial of Qazvin city describes the governmental forces campaign in a period of 22 months from 1323 to 1324 A.H. commanded by Lord Reza Qoli-Khan in the Khouzestan region for suppressing Bani-Taraf tribe that had refrained from paying taxes. This article deals with introducing the manuscript.

Friendship and cordiality between Master Seyyed Hassan Qazi Tabatabei and Savant Jafar Sultan-al Qaraei who were among the prominent writers and editors resulted in interaction and scholarly correspondences between them. This piece of writing deals with ¿ve samples of Qazi Tabatabei’s letters to Sultan-al Qaraei written in 1344, 1345, 1351, 1352 [ 1965, 1966, 1972, 1973].

This article discusses mystical-rhetoric topics as it was customary in the correspondences of the lords of the arena, through a letter of Shahab al-Din Sohrevardi, the eminent Su¿ of 6,7 centuries A.H. to Emam Fakhr-al Din Razi (544-606 A.H.) the salient prolocutor of Islamic history to provide an intact, useful source for the researchers of rhetoric and mysticism.

This piece of writing will deal with three subjects: a. elements of Biography writing in Kholasat-al Asha’r; b. Duplicates of Sa¿ne-ye Ttabriz; c. Kateb Biabanaki.

This article deals with introducing the book entitled Iran’s Copper Coins, Money from Safavid to Qajar Eras, it has alphabetically sorted 52 mints and contains 286 images of the coins of the era. It also introduces images of some anonymous artists and gravers’ works including diverse images of birds, ¿sh, plants and animals.